Can you get pregnant while pregnant? Superfetation twins, explained (2024)

Superfetation is a phenomenon that occurs when a pregnant woman releases an egg, usually a few weeks into her pregnancy, and it's fertilized and implants in the uterus. The result is two separate pregnancies happening at the same time. It's such a rare occurrence that medical experts have only been able to identify a few confirmed cases of superfetation in pregnant women. So, while yes, you could get pregnant while you're already pregnant, it's probably not something to worry about.

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Medically reviewed by Cheryl Axelrod, M.D., ob-gyn

Can you get pregnant while pregnant? Superfetation twins, explained (3)

Written by

Colleen de Bellefonds | Nov 29, 2021

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What is superfetation?

Superfetation happens when a woman who is already pregnant becomes pregnant with a second baby that has a different gestational age (date of conception) and due date than the first baby.

In humans, it’s an extremely rare phenomenon that occurs when the body releases a second egg even though an embryo has already implanted in the uterus. This second egg is then fertilized and implants, leading to a second, simultaneous pregnancy. The very limited number of scientific case reports of superfetation suggest babies are no more than a few weeks apart in age.

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One important note: Babies who are conceived via superfetation aren't twins. They're two separate pregnancies. (That's why superfetation shouldn't be confused with superfecundation, which is when two eggs released during the same cycle are fertilized at separate times by two different fathers. Read more about twins with different fathers.)

How rare is getting pregnant while you're pregnant?

It's extremely rare to get pregnant when you're already pregnant. There have been fewer than ten recorded cases of superfetation in humans.

Superfetation is so rare because it requires three (very unlikely) things to all occur:

  • You have to ovulate while pregnant – and pregnancy hormones work against that: Higher levels of progesterone during pregnancy stop your body from releasing another egg.
  • Even if you ovulate and a second egg is released, sperm has to fertilize that egg. The thick cervical mucus that forms during pregnancy (again, thanks to pregnancy hormones) blocks sperm from passing through.
  • Finally, the fertilized egg needs toimplant in the uterine lining, which is nearly impossible due to the hormonal changes of the already-established pregnancy.

Although superfetation is rare in humans, it may be relatively common in other animals, including rodents, rabbits, horse, sheep, kangaroos, cats, and some species of fish. In these animals, superfetation may actually be a reproductive strategy to increase the odds of having more babies, possibly in part by reducing the burden on the body of two separate pregnancies.

If you're pregnant and your first-trimester ultrasound shows two growing embryos of approximately the same age and size, it's likely you're having twins; and any future differences in sizebetween the two babies are due to growth discrepencies, not different days of conception.

So, while yes, it may scientifically be possible to get pregnant while you're pregnant, it's so rare that it's really not something you need to worry about.

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Read more:

Strange but true: Vanishing twins

Strange but true: Babies born with no belly button

Can a baby havetwo sets of DNA? Chimerism, explained

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  • Can twins have different fathers?By Irina Gonzalez
  • Strange but true: Babies born with no belly buttonBy Evonne Lack Bradford
  • Can a baby have two sets of DNA? Chimerism, explainedBy Alexandra Frost
  • What causes vanishing twin syndrome?By Karen Miles

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Can you get pregnant while pregnant? Superfetation twins, explained (12)

BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies.

Omo-Aghoja LO, et al. 2017. Superfetation in humans – myth or reality? Journal of Reproduction and Sexual Health Vol. 1 No. 1. https://jrsh.org.ng/index.php/home/article/view/2Opens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Alten T, et al. 2021. A Case Report of Possible Superfetation with Evidence of Ultrasound Findings, Gestational Age Calculations and Postnatal Complications. Obstetrics and Gynecology Cases - Reviews 8:202. https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ogcr/obstetrics-and-gynaecology-cases-reviews-ogcr-8-202.php?jid=ogcrOpens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Roellig K, et al. 2011. The concept of superfetation: a critical review on a 'myth' in mammalian reproduction. Biological Reviews Cambridge Philosophical Society Feb;86(1):77-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20394608/Opens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Lantieri T, et al. 2020. Superfetation after ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination performed during an unknown ectopic pregnancy. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 20, 664–666. https://www.rbmojournal.com/article/S1472-6483(10)00053-2/pdfOpens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Pape O, et al. 2008. Superfetation: case report and review of the literature. Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Réproduction (Paris) Dec;37(8):791-5. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-de-gynecologie-obstetrique-et-biologie-de-la-reproductionOpens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Mogollón F, et al. 2020. Twins from different fathers: A heteropaternal superfecundation case report in Colombia. Biomedica Oct-Dec; 40(4): 604–608. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7808779/Opens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2014. Methods for Estimating the Due Date. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/05/methods-for-estimating-the-due-dateOpens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Townsend R, et al. 2018. Fetal growth restriction in twins. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology May;49:79-88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29661565/Opens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

American Academy of Family Physicians. 2020. Progestin-Only Birth Control Pills. https://familydoctor.org/progestin-only-birth-control-pills/Opens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Zúñiga-Vega JJ, et al. 2017. Superfetation increases total fecundity in a viviparous fish regardless of the ecological context. Acta Oecologica Volume 84, October 2017, Pages 48-56. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1146609X1730098X?via%3DihubOpens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Corner LA, et al. 2015. Reproductive biology including evidence for superfetation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae). PLoS ONE, 10, 10, 2015, e0138093. http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/75673Opens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Fleuren M, et al. 2019. Superfetation reduces the negative effects of pregnancy on the fast-start escape performance in live-bearing fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 286:20192245. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2019.2245Opens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Roellig K, et al. 2010. Superconception in mammalian pregnancy can be detected and increases reproductive output per breeding season. Nature Communications 1, 78. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1079?proof=tNatureOpens a new window [Accessed November 2021]

Can you get pregnant while pregnant? Superfetation twins, explained (13)

Colleen de Bellefonds

Colleen de Bellefonds is a freelance health and lifestyle journalist. She's raising her toddler daughter and newborn son with her French husband in Paris.

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Can you get pregnant while pregnant? Superfetation twins, explained (2024)

FAQs

Can you get pregnant while pregnant? Superfetation twins, explained? ›

Superfetation is rare because, once a person is pregnant, changes in their hormones typically prevent their body from continuing to ovulate, Dr. Greves explained. But if a person does ovulate again—and if that egg becomes fertilized and implants in the uterus—they can carry a double pregnancy.

Can you get twins from superfetation? ›

What can I expect if I have this condition? The odds that you'll have a healthy pregnancy are good. Most confirmed cases of superfetation involve twins that are only a few weeks apart.

Can a woman be pregnant with two babies that aren't twins? ›

One important note: Babies who are conceived via superfetation aren't twins. They're two separate pregnancies. (That's why superfetation shouldn't be confused with superfecundation, which is when two eggs released during the same cycle are fertilized at separate times by two different fathers.

Can you get pregnant with twins at different times? ›

It's a phenomenon called superfetation, and it's extremely rare. According to Dr. Lisa Thiel, a maternal fetal medicine specialist at Spectrum Health in Michigan, there are only a few confirmed cases. “Superfetation is when a second pregnancy implants a few days or weeks after an initial pregnancy occurs.

Can you get pregnant while 9 months pregnant? ›

Yes, You Can Get Pregnant If You're Already Pregnant—Here's How It Happens. While it's incredibly rare, you can theoretically get pregnant while you're pregnant.

Can you get pregnant with twins if twins don t run in your family? ›

Everyone has the same chance of having identical twins: about 1 in 250. Identical twins do not run in families. But there are some factors that make having non-identical twins more likely: non-identical twins are more common in some ethnic groups, with the highest rate among Nigerians and the lowest among Japanese.

What are polar twins? ›

Polar body twins.

The bigger one is called the egg and the smaller one is called the “polar body.” Both are fertilized by two separate sperms. This results in twins that look very much alike, but they share about 75% of the DNA, unlike identical twins who share 100% or fraternal twins who share 50% of the DNA.

Has anyone ever gotten pregnant while already pregnant? ›

A double pregnancy, or superfetation, is extremely rare — in fact, there aren't even stats on how often it happens — but it's scientifically possible.

How far apart can superfetation occur? ›

Superfetation can be defined as the ovulation, fertilisation and implantation of a second or additional embryo(s) during pregnancy. The literature review evidences a small discordance in gestational age between dizygotic twins in humans (range: 2-4 weeks; mean ± s.e.m.: 3.3 ± 0.3 weeks).

Can sperm go inside during pregnancy? ›

Your partner may be nervous that their sem*n will reach and hurt the baby during penetrative vagin*l sex, but this isn't possible: Your baby is protected by the placenta, the amniotic sac, and the mucus plug. Most sem*n and sperm that enter a woman's body during sex is discharged the same way it went in.

How rare is superfetation? ›

It's considered extremely rare. There are only a few cases of supposed superfetation in the medical literature. Most cases occurred in woman undergoing fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Which parent carries twin gene? ›

Yes, some types of twins are hereditary, meaning that twins run in families. Heredity on the mother's side ups a couple's odds of conceiving fraternal twins. Fraternal twins are two babies from two different eggs that were released from the ovaries simultaneously.

What is a super twin baby? ›

Superfetation refers to fertilization and implantation of a second conception during pregnancy. Her twins are DZ or fraternal twins, which occurs when two eggs are released at a single ovulation and are fertilized by two different sperm, according to Twins Research Australia.

What are superfetation triplets? ›

3. Superfetation refers to the coexistence of 2 or more fetuses of different gestational ages as a result of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation during an existing pregnancy.

Can another man's sperm affect a fetus? ›

Sperm that gets into the vagin* during intercourse will not harm the baby. The majority of it will be eliminated from the body through the vagin*. During a normal, low-risk pregnancy, sex is considered safe. Intercourse during sex has a lot of potential advantages, though specific claims require further research.

Can I have twins if my father's family has twins? ›

Heredity on the father's side, on the other hand, does not increase a couple's odds of having twins. This is true even if his family is packed with multiples.

Can you have twins with two different dads? ›

Yes, it is possible to have twins with different biological fathers. The scientific term for this anomaly is “heteropaternal superfecundation,” and it's super cool.

Can one sperm fertilize twins? ›

Identical, or monozygotic, twins occur when a single egg, fertilised by a single sperm, divides and makes two babies. These twins will be the same sex and share the same genes and physical features.

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