Hardening Hardness | Fandom (2024)

FAQs

What is the purpose of hardening answer? ›

Hardening is a metallurgical metalworking process used to increase the hardness of a metal. The hardness of a metal is directly proportional to the uniaxial yield stress at the location of the imposed strain. A harder metal will have a higher resistance to plastic deformation than a less hard metal.

Generally, hardness should be specified as Rock “C” XX-XX with a minimum spread of 5 points or a minimum hardness only (Rock “C” XX min.).

Hardening involves controlled heating to a critical temperature dictated by the type of steel (in the range 760-1300 C) followed by controlled cooling. Dependant on the type of material, appropiate cooling rates vary from very fast (water quench) to very slow (air cool).

The goal of systems hardening is to reduce security risk by eliminating potential attack vectors and condensing the system's attack surface. By removing superfluous programs, accounts functions, applications, ports, permissions, access, etc.

One of the main advantages of case hardening is that it provides enhanced durability for steel components. The mechanical strength and surface hardness produced by the surface hardening, as well as the retention of the soft core, significantly improve the wear resistance and fatigue life of the component.

There are two principal methods of testing the hardness of a material – scratch testing and indentation testing. Indentation testing can only be used on materials that undergo plastic deformation such as metals and thermoplastic polymers. Scratch testing is therefore used for brittle materials such as ceramics.

The Vickers number (HV) is calculated using the following formula: HV = 1.854(F/D2), with F being the applied load (measured in kilograms-force) and D2 the area of the indentation (measured in square millimetres). The applied load is usually specified when HV is cited.

The hardening process consists of heating the components above the critical (normalizing) temperature, holding at this temperature for one hour per inch of thickness cooling at a rate fast enough to allow the material to transform to a much harder, stronger structure, and then tempering.

What are hardening standards? ›

A hardening standard is used to set a baseline of requirements for each system. As each new system is introduced to the environment, it must abide by the hardening standard. There are several industry standards that provide benchmarks for various operating systems and applications, such as CIS.

Cyaniding. Cyaniding is a case-hardening process that is fast and efficient; it is mainly used on low-carbon steels. The part is heated to 871–954 °C (1600–1750 °F) in a bath of sodium cyanide and then is quenched and rinsed, in water or oil, to remove any residual cyanide.

The hardening process involves heating steel or iron above a critical temperature and then holding it there long enough for molecular transformation to occur. The material develops a higher level of hardness when it is cooled at a rate fast enough to lock in the transformation.

work hardening, in metallurgy, increase in hardness of a metal induced, deliberately or accidentally, by hammering, rolling, drawing, or other physical processes. Although the first few deformations imposed on metal by such treatment weaken it, its strength is increased by continued deformations.

Device hardening ensures strong network security by protecting against unauthorized access, hacking, malware infections, and other threats. Many components can be hardened, including servers, workstations, routers, switches, firewalls, smartphones, tablets, and connected devices.

Hardening, or "hardening off," is the process of allowing a plant to transition from a protected indoor or greenhouse environment to the harsh outdoor conditions of fluctuating spring temperatures, wind, and full sun exposure.

In summary, plastic deformation and hardening functions are used to measure the strain of a material under stress. The linear and kinematic functions are commonly used, but the choice depends on the material and can be found in literature or through experimentation.

surface hardening, treatment of steel by heat or mechanical means to increase the hardness of the outer surface while the core remains relatively soft.