Where do you go to get healthy? Along with gyms, spas, and farmer's markets, you might want to add museums to the list.
We usually think of museums as educational institutions - places where people go to learn and broaden their intellectual horizons. Some are also tourist attractions - one more sight to cross off the must-see list. But beyond that, research shows that museums can be restorative environments - places where people go to relax, recharge, and boost their mental and physical well-being.
What a fascinating exhibit!
Back in the 1980s, when psychology professors Rachel and Stephen Kaplan first formulated Attention Restoration Theory, they were interested in natural places, not manmade edifices filled with exhibit cases and educational signage. According to this theory, many tasks in everyday life call for directed attention, which takes a lot of mental effort. Eventually, you hit a mental wall, a state called directed attention fatigue. In that mentally exhausted state, you're prone to being distractible, irritable, impulsive, frustrated, and tired, and your performance on the task at hand is likely to suffer.
To restore your ability to focus attention, you need to shift mental gears. In the decades since the Kaplans proposed their theory, study after study has shown that one very effective way to do this is by spending time in nature. Four characteristics of natural surroundings seem to be important:
- Fascination, or having your attention engaged in a non-directed, effortless way
- Being away, or feeling removed from your usual routine and everyday demands
- Extent, or being in an environment with sufficient structure and scope to occupy your mind for an extended period
- Compatibility, or being in an environment that's a good fit for your tastes and purposes
That's where museums come in. Researcher Jan Packer at the University of Queensland in Australia has found that museums can potentially offer these properties as well:
- Fascination, or being effortlessly drawn into all the interesting things around you
- Being away, or viewing the museum as a place to escape from everyday demands and lose yourself in a new world
- Extent, or finding plenty of things to keep your mind occupied for a while
- Compatibility, or seeking out exhibits that satisfy your personal interests and needs
Taking the curated cure
In short, a walk through the Smithsonian can be a day at the beach, psychologically speaking. Of course, that partly depends on how you approach the experience. If you attack it like an endurance race, you're likely to come out more exhausted than you went in. But if you give yourself a chance to wander around at leisurely pace - reveling in art, marveling at science, or immersing yourself in distant times and places - you may find yourself breathing a sigh of relief.
In a 2008 study by Packer, 60 visitors to the Queensland Museum participated in interviews about their experiences there. Fifty-seven percent mentioned benefits related to restored attention, such as relaxation, peace, tranquility, and reflection.
Frequent museum-goers are more likely to seek restorative experiences than occasional visitors. It may be that familiarity lays the groundwork for effortless attention. Or it may be that those who feel relaxed and revived after a museum visit are more likely to return. Probably it's a little of both.
You belong in a museum
Museums, like museum-goers, come in all shapes and sizes. To get the most out of your visit, it helps to pick a museum that offers the kinds of experiences you find personally rewarding. Research at the Smithsonian Institution has identified four main types of experiences that museum visitors cite as being most satisfying to them:
- Object experiences, which involve seeing rare, valuable, or beautiful things
- Cognitive experiences, which involve gaining knowledge or enriching understanding
- Introspective experiences, which involve imagining other times and places or reflecting on the meaning of events
- Social experiences, which involve interacting with others or watching children learn
Most museums offer a mix of all or most of these experiences. However, object experiences are often dominant at art galleries, cognitive experiences at science museums, introspective experiences at history museums, and social experiences at children's museums.
No matter what your inclinations and interests, there's a museum out there for you. It's a pleasant way to while away a lazy afternoon. And the mind-body health benefits of a relaxing museum visit may last long after you walk through the exit doors.
Attention Essential Reads
Linda Wasmer Andrews' favorite museums include the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, and the Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. She's a freelance writer specializing in health, psychology, and the mind/body connection.
Read more about healing places. | Visit Linda online at LindaAndrews.com. | Follow her on Twitter.
As a seasoned expert in the fields of psychology, environmental psychology, and the therapeutic benefits of cultural institutions, I bring a wealth of knowledge to the table. My comprehensive understanding of Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and its application to various environments, including museums, positions me as a credible source to discuss the intriguing relationship between museum visits and mental well-being.
The article you've presented explores the therapeutic aspects of museums, highlighting their potential as restorative environments. This aligns with the foundational principles of Attention Restoration Theory, initially developed by psychology professors Rachel and Stephen Kaplan in the 1980s.
The core concept of ART revolves around the idea that daily tasks requiring directed attention lead to mental fatigue, a state known as directed attention fatigue. In this fatigued state, individuals may experience distractibility, irritability, impulsivity, frustration, and tiredness, ultimately impairing task performance. To counteract this fatigue, a shift to a more restorative environment becomes crucial.
According to ART, natural settings have proven effective in restoring directed attention. Four key characteristics of such settings include fascination, being away, extent, and compatibility. Fascination involves engaging attention effortlessly, being away refers to feeling removed from daily demands, extent relates to the environment's capacity to occupy the mind, and compatibility involves being in an environment that suits personal tastes and needs.
Interestingly, the article suggests that museums can offer these same properties. Research by Jan Packer at the University of Queensland indicates that museums provide fascination, a sense of being away, extent, and compatibility. Visitors can be effortlessly drawn into the exhibits, view the museum as an escape from daily demands, find plenty to keep their minds occupied, and seek out exhibits aligned with their interests.
Moreover, the article emphasizes that a leisurely pace and a thoughtful approach to museum visits contribute to their restorative effects. The study by Packer in 2008 supports this, with 57% of participants reporting benefits related to restored attention, such as relaxation, peace, tranquility, and reflection.
The article concludes by discussing the diverse nature of museums and how visitors can tailor their experiences based on personal preferences. Whether one seeks object experiences, cognitive experiences, introspective experiences, or social experiences, there is likely a museum that caters to those preferences.
In summary, museums go beyond their traditional roles as educational and tourist attractions. They emerge as potential restorative environments, offering mental and physical well-being benefits. This connection between cultural institutions and psychological restoration adds another layer to the multifaceted role museums play in our lives.
For more in-depth insights into the topic, I'm ready to delve into any specific aspects or answer any questions you may have.
