ODYSSEY/Egypt/People (2024)

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Pharaoh
The ruler of ancient Egypt was called pharaoh . Pharaohs were looked upon as more than rulers. They were gods chosen to lead the people and maintain order, and provided an important link between the Egyptian people and their gods. This word comes from "per-ao" or "great house." The title shows respect for the king by referring to him as the palace where government decisions were made. Egypt was usually ruled by a man, although a few women did rule in their own right.

This carving of Seti I shows the great ruler who restored order to the kingdom and returned Egyptian art and architecture to the powerful style of past dynasties. Seti is depicted as strong and forceful, wearing the ruler’s nemes headdress and false beard. The beard connects Seti I to Osiris, the god of the underworld who reigns for all time. Since Egyptian rulers belonged to the realm of the gods, they were represented as eternally strong and youthful. Seti’s muscular shoulders and strong gaze suggests that he not only maintained order, but also provided strong leadership for the people.

We know this is Seti because his name appears on the back of the sculpture in a cartouche. A cartouche is an oblong frame designed to enclose the name of a ruler.

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© Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University,
Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester and Dallas Museum of Art
For more information please contact odyssey@emory.edu.
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ODYSSEY/Egypt/People (2024)

FAQs

What are Egyptian people called? ›

Egyptians (Arabic: مِصرِيُّون, romanized: Miṣriyyūn, IPA: [mɪsˤrɪjˈjuːn]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصرِيِّين, romanized: Maṣriyyīn, IPA: [mɑsˤɾɪjˈjiːn]; Coptic: ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, romanized: remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group native to the Nile Valley in Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography.

What ethnicity were the ancient Egyptians? ›

Robert Morkot wrote in 2005 that "The ancient Egyptians were not 'white' in any European sense, nor were they 'Caucasian'... we can say that the earliest population of ancient Egypt included African people from the upper Nile, African people from the regions of the Sahara and modern Libya, and smaller numbers of people ...

Who were the key people in ancient Egypt? ›

King Tutankhamen (Tut for short) is famous for the riches found in his tomb. Or Cleopatra , the ambitious queen who ruled Egypt, is known for her tragic death. These two people were pharaohs - the most important and powerful people in Egyptian society.

What is the DNA of ancient Egyptians? ›

The ancient Egyptian individuals in their own dataset possessed highly similar mtDNA haplogroup profiles, and cluster together, supporting genetic continuity across the 1,300-year transect. Modern Egyptians shared this mtDNA haplogroup profile, but also carried 8% more African component.

Are Egyptians Arabs or? ›

The Egyptians are not Arabs, and both they and the Arabs are aware of this fact. They are Arabic-speaking, and they are Muslim—indeed religion plays a greater part in their lives than it does in those either of the Syrians.

What did Cleopatra actually look like? ›

Cleopatra was no beauty queen, said the reports. The face on the coin was nothing like that of Elizabeth Taylor. Instead she looked “plain”, even “shrewish”, and had a “hook-like hooter”. This was announced as a revelation.

What race were the Nubians? ›

Nubians (/ˈnuːbiənz, ˈnjuː-/) (Nobiin: Nobī, Arabic: النوبيون) are a Nilo-Saharan ethnic group indigenous to the region which is now Northern Sudan and southern Egypt. They originate from the early inhabitants of the central Nile valley, believed to be one of the earliest cradles of civilization.

What are three ethnicities in Egypt? ›

Ethnic groups: Egyptian, Bedouin Arab, Nubian. Religions: Sunni Muslim 90%, Coptic Christian.

What did Egyptians look like? ›

Scholarly research suggests there were many different skin colours across Egypt, including what we now call white, brown and black. But this is still a subject of much debate. Many believe skin colours varied between different regions of Egypt, such as Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt and Nubia.

How tall were ancient Egyptians? ›

For my information adult men during Ancient Egypt's peak were typically around 5 feet 6 inches (167 cm) in height or potentially shorter. Conversely, women tended to be shorter, with an average height of approximately 5 feet (152 cm) or slightly below that.

What language do Egyptians speak? ›

The official language of Egypt is Arabic, and most Egyptians speak one of several vernacular dialects of that language. As is the case in other Arab countries, the spoken vernacular differs greatly from the literary language.

What is Cleopatra's DNA? ›

Ancestry. Scholars generally identify Cleopatra as having been essentially of Macedonian Greek ancestry with some distant Persian and Sogdian Iranian descent.

Are there still descendants of Egyptian pharaohs? ›

This was due to their unrivaled social position and access to the best medical care of the age. Given this and the likelihood that the pharaohs had living offspring, it is safe to say that they do have living descendants.

Who did Egyptians evolve from? ›

Most Egyptians were probably descended from settlers who moved to the Nile valley in prehistoric times, with population increase coming through natural fertility. In various periods there were immigrants from Nubia, Libya, and especially the Middle East.

Do Egyptians refer to themselves as Africans? ›

Many Egyptians do not see themselves as African at all, identifying much more closely with the predominantly Arab and Muslim nations of the Middle East and North Africa, and many look down on darker-skinned Egyptians and sub-Saharan Africans.

What are people from Upper Egypt called? ›

A Ṣa'īdī (Egyptian Arabic: صعيدى, Coptic: ⲣⲉⲙⲣⲏⲥ Remris) is a person from Upper Egypt (Arabic: صعيد مصر, Coptic: ⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ Maris). Upper Egyptians (Sa'idis)

What do you call Egyptian Arabic? ›

Egyptian Arabic, locally known as Colloquial Egyptian (Arabic: اللغة العامية المصرية, [el.ʕæmˈmejjæ l.mɑsˤˈɾejjɑ]), or simply Masri (also Masry) (مَصرى), is the most widely spoken vernacular Arabic dialect in Egypt.

What are Royal Egyptians called? ›

As ancient Egyptian rulers, pharaohs were both the heads of state and the religious leaders of their people. The word “pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. While early Egyptian rulers were called “kings,” over time, the name “pharaoh” stuck.

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