How to Protect Your Eyes from UV Damage (2024)

Did you know wearing sun glasses is just as important as wearing a hat to protect against UV rays? July is UV Safety Awareness Month and Irene Kuo, associate professor of ophthalmology with the Wilmer Eye Institute, shares some helpful tips to prevent UV light exposure and how to protect your eyes from damage.

1. UV light is damaging to almost ALL ocular structures including the eyelid. In general, it is best to avoid outdoor activities between the hours of 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. when sunlight is strongest. One can even get sunburn on a foggy day. Wearing sunglasses with adequate protection against UV (both large in frame and with awraparound protection or side protection) is just as important as wearing a hat with a wide brim.

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2. UV light ages all structures of the eye. Corneal damage, cataracts and macular degeneration are all possible chronic effects from UV exposure and can ultimately lead to decreased vision.

3. The eyelid skin is the thinnest of the whole body. UV damage induces dryness, wrinkles, accentuated skin furrows, sagging, loss of elasticity and mottled pigmentation. UV light is associated with skin cancers including squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, and cutaneous melanoma. Squamous cell carcinoma can occur not just on the skin, but on the conjunctiva and invade the cornea and inside of the eye, in some cases necessitating removal of the entire eye.

4. The front surface of the eye absorbs 99 percent of the UV radiation. On the surface of the eye, this UV damage predisposes to cancerous growths, as well as noncancerous growths like pterygium and pinguecula. Damage to the cornea can occur when UV light is reflected off the water, like when you’re engaging in water sports or skiing.

5. Sunlight exposure and UV exposure have been found to be associated with cataract. This damage is irreversible. The only treatment for cataract that is affecting activities of daily living is surgery.

6. Oxidative stress and cumulative UVdamage are of importance in development of age-related macular degeneration, the major cause of blindness in Americans over age 55, for which there is no cure.

7. Then there is the damage when people stare directly at the sun, either during an eclipse or at other times. This damage to the retina can lead to permanent decreased quality of vision.

8. Therefore, wear sun protection for your skin and for your eyes any time you are at the highest risk for UV damage.

Irene C. Kuo, M.D.
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Cornea, Cataract, Anterior Segment and Refractive Surgery
Wilmer Eye Institution, Johns Hopkins Medicine
Chief, Wilmer-White Marsh

How to Protect Your Eyes from UV Damage (2024)

FAQs

How to Protect Your Eyes from UV Damage? ›

Q: How do I protect my eyes from UV light? Wearing sunglasses and a hat is the simplest and safest way to protect your eyes from UV rays. Choose sunglasses that that fit well and that block light from coming in around the lenses. Choose a hat with a broad, dark brim that shades your eyes and reduces glare.

How do you treat UV damage to the eyes? ›

How is Photokeratit* managed? Fortunately the condition gets better by itself and there is usually no permanent damage. Eye drops can be prescribed to make the eyes more comfortable while they recover. Pain relief tablets may be needed also.

How long does it take for UV to damage eyes? ›

Long-term consequences can result in serious vision threatening eye conditions like cataracts or macular degeneration. After exposure, symptoms appear within eight to 24 hours. Similar to burning your skin, you can experience a wide range of symptoms with an eye sunburn.

Can you reverse UV damage to eyes? ›

While many types of photokeratitis are temporary, this form may affect your vision long-term. Reversing sun damage will depend on the exposure time and symptoms. If you are concerned your eyes have been sun-damaged, your best choices are to allow your eyes time to rejuvenate with cold compresses and artificial tears.

Does closing your eyes protect from UV? ›

This does make them more susceptible to UV damage. Eyelid cancer accounts for 10% of all skin cancer, with the lower lid being more commonly affected. Therefore it is absolutely important to wear appropriate protective eyewear while tanning and it is not safe to just close your eyes.

How do you know if your eyes have UV damage? ›

Pain or Extra Sensitivity to Lights: If light feels painful or very sensitive in your eyes, you have probably experienced some sort of sun damage.

Is UV eye damage permanent? ›

Though sun damage can have dire consequences for your eye health, it is not always permanent. Your eyes can heal if the only damage they sustain is mild photokeratitis, which will diminish after a short period of time with immediate decreased exposure to UV light.

What are three ways you can protect your eyes from the sun? ›

1. Be educated.
  • Radiation. Radiation is an invisible force of energy. ...
  • UV Rays. UV is short for ultraviolet and is a type of electromagnetic radiation. ...
  • Wear Sunglasses. Sunglasses keep your eyes covered and protected from UV rays. ...
  • Wear Hats. Sunglasses offer a lot of protection, but not full coverage. ...
  • Seek Shade.

What is UV protectant? ›

UV protection is accomplished by adding a coating to sunglasses and eyeglasses lenses during the manufacturing process. This UV coating blocks the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, keeping it from your eyes and the delicate skin around them.

Which UV rays causes the most damage to eyes? ›

Of the three kinds, UVC is completely blocked by the ozone layer, while UVA and some of UVB penetrate through the atmosphere and are more likely to damage your eyes.

What to do if you accidentally look at the sun? ›

If you accidentally look at the sun without proper eye protection, you should:
  1. Immediately shift your gaze to a safe viewing area.
  2. Monitor your vision for the next several minutes to an hour.
  3. Check for any signs of blurry vision or discomfort.
Mar 15, 2024

Can eye damage repair itself? ›

Minor superficial scratches on the cornea will usually heal by themselves within two to three days. In the meantime, some people cover their eye with an eye patch to keep it closed and relaxed.

What reverses UV damage? ›

Treatment options to repair damaged skin include retinoids, lightening agents, chemical peels, laser skin resurfacing, dermabrasion and fillers.

Do sunglasses actually block UV? ›

Most sunglasses today have UV protection embedded in the lens rather than coated over it, and most reputable brands list UV protection on their label. Look for a label that says either of these two things: 100% protection against both UVA and UVB. 100% protection against UV 400.

Is wearing sunglasses better for your eyes? ›

Are sunglasses good for your eyes? Sunglasses are good for your health if the lenses block UV and the sunglasses are worn correctly (with the frame's nose bridge touching your face). Eyes filter out most, but not all, UV rays. Anything that limits UV exposure to the eye alleviates risk.

Should you wear sunglasses all the time? ›

If you have sunglasses on constantly, your eyes will miss some of the 1,500-some wavelengths that contribute to your eye health. Blocking too much sun impacts the entire body: Not only does constantly shielding the sun from your eyes impact your eye health negatively, but it also negatively affects the entire body.

What happens if you accidentally look at UV light? ›

If your eyes are exposed to UV‑C, you will experience Photokeratitis which is inflammation of the cornea. This condition typically resolves itself in 24-48 hours.

How long does it take for UV to damage skin? ›

A UV Index reading 6 or 7 puts you at a high risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Following the steps from the moderate level is suggested. The time to burn can vary by skin type, but at a high UV level it is approximately 15 to 25 minutes.

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